Avian Influenza Spreading in Japan, Concerns Rise over Human Infection Possibility... Experts Emphasize Early Containment

Amidst the rapid spread of avian influenza viruses within Japan, concerns have been raised that the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus may have acquired the ability to bind to human nose and throat cells, potentially increasing its infectivity not only in birds but also in human cells.

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On August 8th, a research team led by Professor Yoshihiro Kawaoka (virology) at the University of Tokyo published these findings in the British scientific journal 'Nature'. The team discovered that the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, which has been causing a series of bovine infections at American dairy farms, has developed the ability to bind to human respiratory cells. This signifies an increased likelihood of the virus infecting human cells in addition to avian cells.

However, the research team also reported that, based on experiments conducted on ferrets, airborne transmission between ferrets was difficult. It is believed that humans might exhibit a similar resistance to rapid virus spread as ferrets. Nevertheless, Professor Kawaoka emphasized that "it is undoubtedly a dangerous virus, and swift containment is essential."

According to the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infections in cattle were first confirmed in the United States in March 2024. Although no human infections have been reported in Japan to date, experts remain vigilant, concerned about the potential for viral mutations. The Japanese government has strengthened biosecurity guidelines for poultry farms to curb the spread of avian influenza, implementing measures such as culling infected poultry.

Furthermore, the Japanese government maintains that the safety of domestically distributed milk is ensured through high-temperature pasteurization. However, some experts argue that the possibility of viral transmission through milk to humans cannot be entirely ruled out, urging the government to continuously monitor the situation and strengthen its response system.

Since 2003, cases of human infection with the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus have been reported globally, primarily in Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Human infections often lead to severe conditions, with most cases attributed to contact with poultry and other birds. However, sustained human-to-human transmission has yet to be confirmed.

Currently, avian influenza virus infections are on the rise worldwide, with continuous reports of infections in poultry and wild birds, particularly in Europe, Asia, North America, and South America. Experts express concern about the possibility of human infection, emphasizing the need for strengthened international collaboration to prevent the spread of the avian influenza virus and safeguard against human infections.