Comprehensive Discussion on Providing National-Level Weather Forecast Information and Deregulation of Private Weather Businesses

The Japanese government has been pushing for revisions to related laws since the 21st century in an effort to enhance the efficiency of weather forecasting operations. Reflecting the final recommendations of the Administrative Reform Council, discussions centered on redefining the role and functions of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and easing regulations on private weather businesses.

First, the weather information that the JMA must provide at the national level is broadly categorized into four areas. Firstly, disaster prevention weather information for the protection of citizens' lives and property. This is the core mission of the JMA and its top priority. Secondly, basic weather information necessary for formulating key national policies such as agriculture, water resource management, and environmental policy. Thirdly, provision of weather observation and forecasting information in accordance with international agreements. This is an international obligation related to the operation of a global weather observation network. Fourthly, provision of weather information in specialized fields that only the JMA can handle, such as space weather forecasting and weather technology development.

Next, discussions were held on easing regulations on private weather businesses. At the time, the JMA was restricting the activities of private weather businesses, but there were calls to make the regulations more reasonable and leverage the capabilities of the private sector. In particular, improving the weather instrument inspection system and relaxing the licensing standards for weather observation and forecasting were major points of contention.

On this matter, various experts offered a range of opinions. Some argued that to revitalize the private weather business, regulations should be significantly reduced. However, others countered that the JMA must retain a certain level of administrative and supervisory authority for the public good. In particular, the issue of how to define the level of involvement of private weather businesses in disaster prevention weather information and information required for national policy became a point of contention.

After comprehensively considering the role of national weather agencies and the division of roles with the private sector, the government compiled an interim report outlining the basic direction of national weather services for the next 10 years. This report emphasizes prioritizing the protection of citizens' lives and national policy formulation, while also reflecting the trends of technological advancements and gradually expanding the scope of activities for private weather businesses.

Ultimately, these discussions can be considered to have explored ways to maximize the protection of public safety and the public interest, while also enhancing the competitiveness of the weather-related industry and leveraging the creativity and expertise of the private sector.